Madeline Titus
Dołączył: 24 Mar 2022 Posty: 3
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In a morphologically complex word -- a word composed 5950 hats of more than one morpheme -- one constituent may be considered as the basic one, the core of the form, with the others treated as being added on. The basic or core morpheme in such cases is referred to as the stem or root , while the add-ons are affixes. Affixes that precede the stem are called prefixes , while those that follow the stem are suffixes .Morphemes can also (more rarely) be infixes , which are inserted within another form, rather than before or after.
a syntactic Noun Phrase has a noun as its head, which has combined with things like adjectives and determiners. Notice that the properties of the phrase are determined by the property of the head, so a noun phrase is noun-like in its distribution, and furthermore if the head 59fifty fitted hats noun is singular, the NP will be singular. This turns out to be the property of all sorts of heads, not just syntactic ones. So compound and derived words, for example, although treated by the syntax as though they were an unanalyzable unit.
actually have a constituent structure, 59fifty hat as we've seen, and they have heads. So the compound dog food has food as its head, because dog food is a type of food, not a type of dog, and the head of blackboard is board , because it is a kind of board, not a shade of black, and it is a noun, not an adjective. Inflectional properties of compounds are also determined in this way, so a compound will inflect like its head. The head of oversee is see , so the past tense is oversaw , and the past participle is beige fitted hat overseen .
and in a sense it is not even really a compound, but a word that must be memorized as a unit with a meaning that is completely unpredictable from its parts and is not analyzed as being a head plus something added on. The result is the same: whatever is involved in walkman , the head is not man , and thus no irregular inflectional information can be associated with it, and the regular inflection wins out.President Bush, if these quotes are accurate, quite sensibly decided that -ian should be the default ending, after deletion of a final vowel if present.
the possessive acts like a part of the noun, just as the plural does. However, the plural and possessive behave very differently in some other ways:So in some ways the possessive is acting like a morphological affix, while in other it is acting like an independent word that is brought together with the NP in the syntax. In-between elements like this are called clitics , which comes from the Greek word meaning "to lean". That is, they are like words that can't stand best fitted hats up on their own and have to lean on some other word.
Thus while plural formation in English is clearly morphological, it is not clear whether the addition of the possessive clitic is morphological or syntactic. The point is, the line between syntax and morphology is somewhat blurred.Assuming that we could somehow come up with a consistent way to draw the line between syntax and morphology, we have to wonder then how the two are related. Since they deal with very similar things, they must be tightly connected, but it is not entirely clear how they should be ordered.
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